Academic Calendar 2024-2025

Statistics (STAT)

STAT 161  Introduction to Data Science  Units: 3.00  
This course introduces critical concepts, tools, techniques and skills in statistical inference/learning, machine learning, and computer programming, through hands-on analysis of real-world datasets from diverse fields in science and social science. It offers three perspectives (inferential thinking, computational thinking and real-world relevance) on the foundations of Data Science and develops a data-oriented mindset.
Learning Hours: 120 (36 Lecture, 84 Private Study)  
Requirements: Prerequisite None.  
Offering Faculty: Faculty of Arts and Science  

Course Learning Outcomes:

  1. Work with critical concepts, tools, techniques, and skills in computer programming, statistical inference/learning and machine learning.
  2. Use visualization to understand data.
  3. Work with the computational tools and practices for summary, analysis, and visualization of data.
  4. Analyze real data sets and communicate their results.
  5. Have a basic understanding of the implications and tools of data collection.
  
STAT 252  Introductory Applied Probability  Units: 3.00  
Basics of probability. Counting principle, binomial expansion. Conditional probability and Bayes' Theorem. Random variables, mean and variance. Bernoulli, binomial, geometric, hypergeometric and exponential distributions. Poisson approximation. Distribution, frequency and density functions. Normal distribution and central limit theorem.
NOTE STAT 252 is a new course for STAT Minors and Joint Honours.
Learning Hours: 120 (36 Lecture, 84 Private Study)  
Requirements: Prerequisite MATH 120/6.0 or MATH 121/6.0 or MATH 126/6.0 or MATH 124/3.0. Exclusion STAT 268/3.0; STAT 351/3.0.  
Offering Faculty: Faculty of Arts and Science  

Course Learning Outcomes:

  1. Have experience working with Bernoulli and binomial distributions, negative binomial and geometric distributions, hypergeometric distribution, Poisson distribution, the normal distribution, the central limit theorem.
  2. Have experience working with discrete random variable, continuous random variables, expectation, moments, Chebyshev's theorem, moment-generating-functions.
  3. Have experience working with sample spaces, events, probability of an event; review of set notation, counting rules and combinatorial methods, rules of probability conditional probability; independent events, Bayes' theorem.
  4. Understand the fundamental concepts in probability with an emphasis on inquiry-based problem solving.
  
STAT 263  Introduction to Statistics  Units: 3.00  
A basic course in statistical methods with the necessary probability included. Topics include probability models, random variables, distributions, estimation, hypothesis testing, elementary nonparametric methods.
NOTE Also offered online, consult Arts and Science Online (Learning Hours may vary).
Learning Hours: 120 (36 Lecture, 84 Private Study)  
Requirements: Prerequisite None. Recommended An Ontario 4U mathematics course or equivalent. Exclusion BIOL 243/3.0; CHEE 209/3.5; COMM 162/3.0; ECON 250/3.0; GPHY 247/3.0; HSCI 190/3.0; KNPE 251/3.0; NURS 323/3.0; POLS 285/3.0; POLS 385/3.0*; PSYC 202/3.0; SOCY 211/3.0; STAM 200/3.0. One-Way Exclusion May not be taken with or after STAT 269/3.0. Note This course is not open to Commerce students.  
Offering Faculty: Faculty of Arts and Science  
  
STAT 268  Statistics and Probability I  Units: 3.00  
Basic ideas of probability theory such as random experiments, probabilities, random variables, expected values, independent events, joint distributions, conditional expectations, moment generating functions. Main results of probability theory including Chebyshev's inequality, law of large numbers, central limit theorem. Introduction to statistical computing.
Learning Hours: 120 (36 Lecture, 84 Private Study)  
Requirements: Prerequisite (MATH 120 or MATH 121 or MATH 122 or MATH 124). Corequisite (MATH 221 or MATH 280). Exclusion STAT 252; STAT 351.  
Offering Faculty: Faculty of Arts and Science  

Course Learning Outcomes:

  1. Calculate expected values.
  2. Calculate probabilities of interest.
  3. Understand and apply basic concepts of probability.
  4. Understand and apply concepts of joint, marginal and conditional distributions.
  5. Understand concepts of random variables and probability distributions.
  
STAT 269  Statistics and Probability II  Units: 3.00  
Basic techniques of statistical estimation such as best unbiased estimates, moment estimates, maximum likelihood. Bayesian methods. Hypotheses testing. Classical distributions such as the t-distribution, F-distribution, beta distribution. These methods will be illustrated by simple linear regression. Statistical computing.
Learning Hours: 120 (36 Lecture, 84 Private Study)  
Requirements: Prerequisite (MATH 221 or MATH 280) and (STAT 252 or STAT 268 or STAT 351) or permission of the Department.  
Offering Faculty: Faculty of Arts and Science  

Course Learning Outcomes:

  1. Be able to find the distribution of functions of random variables, and understand how classical distributions such as t-distribution, F-distribution and χ2 distribution are defined.
  2. Understand basic statistical estimation procedures, including maximum likelihood estimation and method of moments.
  3. Understand the concept of hypothesis testing and be able to apply appropriate statistical tests for comparing means, proportions and variances.
  4. Understand the concept of interval estimation and be able to find the confidence intervals of means, proportions and variances.
  5. Understand the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem and how they are applied in the development of statistical theory.
  
STAT 353  Probability II  Units: 3.00  
Intermediate probability theory as a basis for further study in mathematical statistics and stochastic processes; probability measures, expectations; modes of convergence of sequences of random variables; conditional expectations; independent systems of random variables; Gaussian systems; characteristic functions; law of large numbers; central limit theory; some notions of dependence.
Learning Hours: 120 (36 Lecture, 84 Private Study)  
Requirements: Prerequisite (MATH 110/6.0 or MATH 111/6.0* or MATH 112/3.0) and (STAT 252/3.0 or STAT 268/3.0) and MATH 281/3.0.  
Offering Faculty: Faculty of Arts and Science  
  
STAT 361  Applied Methods in Statistics I  Units: 3.00  
A detailed study of simple and multiple linear regression, residuals and model adequacy. The least squares solution for the general linear regression model. Analysis of variance for regression and simple designed experiments; analysis of categorical data.
Learning Hours: 120 (36 Lecture, 84 Private Study)  
Requirements: Prerequisite (MATH 110 or MATH 111 or MATH 112) and (STAT 252 or STAT 268 or STAT 351) and (STAT 263 or STAT 269) or permission of the Department. Exclusion ECON 351.  
Offering Faculty: Faculty of Arts and Science  

Course Learning Outcomes:

  1. Applying analysis of variance to understand the sources of uncertainty; applying least square criterion to build fitted models.
  2. Conducting data analysis using linear regression models and reporting the analysis results.
  3. Creating scatter plots, boxplots, pairwise plots to explore the data; analyzing data using linear regression models; obtaining least square estimates; comparing two different linear regression models; choosing significant variables; performing regression diagnostics for assessing the adequacy of models; drawing conclusions based on the analysis results.
  4. Evaluating the appropriateness of using linear regression models in real applications.
  5. Using built-in functions in R software to perform linear regression analysis.
  6. Writing independent functions and codes in R to conduct linear regression analysis.
  
STAT 362  R for Data Science  Units: 3.00  
Introduction to R, data creation and manipulation, data import and export, scripts and functions, control flow, debugging and profiling, data visualization, statistical inference, Monte Carlo methods, decision trees, support vector machines, neural network, numerical methods.
Learning Hours: 118 (36 Lecture, 12 Group Learning, 70 Private Study)  
Requirements: Prerequisite (STAT 252 or STAT 263 or STAT 268 or STAT 351) and (MATH 110 or MATH 111 or MATH 120 or MATH 121 or MATH 124 or MATH 126 or [MATH 112 and MATH 212]) or permission of the Department.  
Offering Faculty: Faculty of Arts and Science  

Course Learning Outcomes:

  1. Apply appropriate methods for statistical analysis and interpret the output.
  2. Apply common machine learning algorithms with real-world applications.
  3. Import and tidy data for further analysis.
  4. Visualize data and perform exploratory data analysis.
  5. Understand the basics of numerical and Monte Carlo methods.
  6. Understand the fundamental concepts in programming and R.
  
STAT 455  Stochastic Processes and Applications  Units: 3.00  
Markov chains, birth and death processes, random walk problems, elementary renewal theory, Markov processes, Brownian motion and Poisson processes, queuing theory, branching processes. Given jointly with STAT 855.
Learning Hours: 120 (36 Lecture, 12 Tutorial, 72 Private Study)  
Requirements: Prerequisite STAT 353.  
Offering Faculty: Faculty of Arts and Science  

Course Learning Outcomes:

  1. Computing an expectation using conditioning.
  2. Computing an expectation using Markov Chain Monte Carlo.
  3. Converting a process description into a Markov chain model.
  4. Identifying the stationary distribution of Markov chains.
  5. Proving results about Markov chains.
  6. Understanding the mathematical structure of a Markov chain.
  
STAT 456  Bayesian Analysis  Units: 3.00  
An introduction to Bayesian analysis and decision theory; elements of decision theory; Bayesian point estimation, set estimation, and hypothesis testing; special priors; computations for Bayesian analysis. Given Jointly with STAT 856.
Learning Hours: 120 (36 Lecture, 84 Private Study)  
Requirements: Prerequisite STAT 463 or permission of the Department.  
Offering Faculty: Faculty of Arts and Science  

Course Learning Outcomes:

  1. Demonstrate proficiency in finding the Fisher information contained in the data about unknown parameters.
  2. Find Bayesian estimators for different functions of unknown parameters, under various loss functions.
  3. Find the best unbiased estimators in the Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium model.
  4. Identify least informative prior distributions of unknown parameters and the resulting minimax admissible procedures.
  
STAT 457  Statistical Learning II  Units: 3.00  
Introduction to the theory and application of statistical algorithms. Topics include classification, smoothing, model selection, optimization, sampling, supervised and unsupervised learning. Given jointly with STAT 857.
Learning Hours: 120 (36 Lecture, 84 Private Study)  
Requirements: Prerequisite (STAT 362/3.0 and [ECON 351/3.0 or STAT 361/3.0]) or permission of the Department.  
Offering Faculty: Faculty of Arts and Science  
  
STAT 462  Statistical Learning I  Units: 3.00  
A working knowledge of the statistical software R is assumed. Classification; spline and smoothing spline; regularization, ridge regression, and Lasso; model selection; treed-based methods; resampling methods; importance sampling; Markov chain Monte Carlo; Metropolis-Hasting algorithm; Gibbs sampling; optimization. Given jointly with STAT 862.
Learning Hours: 120 (36 Lecture, 84 Private Study)  
Requirements: Prerequisite ([STAT 361 or ECON 351] and STAT 362) or permission of the Department.  
Offering Faculty: Faculty of Arts and Science  

Course Learning Outcomes:

  1. Apply Markov Chain Monte Carlo for approximating the posterior distributions in Bayesian statistical Analysis.
  2. Implement common algorithms in R for simulating random variables/vectors from standard and non-standard distributions.
  3. Use standard Monte Carlo methods and importance sampling for approximating integrals, expectations and probabilities.
  4. Understand common unsupervised learning methods including density estimation, clustering and dimension re-duction techniques.
  5. Understand the EM algorithm and its implementation in estimation for mixture models and censored data.
  6. Understand the use of spline and penalization methods in supervised learning.
  
STAT 463  Fundamentals of Statistical Inference  Units: 3.00  
Decision theory and Bayesian inference; principles of optimal statistical procedures; maximum likelihood principle; large sample theory for maximum likelihood estimates; principles of hypotheses testing and the Neyman-Pearson theory; generalized likelihood ratio tests; the chi-square, t, F and other distributions.
Learning Hours: 132 (36 Lecture, 96 Private Study)  
Requirements: Prerequisite STAT 269. Equivalency STAT 363. Recommended STAT 353.  
Course Equivalencies: STAT363; STAT463  
Offering Faculty: Faculty of Arts and Science  

Course Learning Outcomes:

  1. Derive properties of distributions; finding optimal estimators and tests.
  2. Develop a theoretical understanding of discrete and continuous random variables, distribution functions, sampling distributions, point estimation, interval estimation, hypothesis testing, large sample theory and basic Bayesian methods.
  3. Prove Rao-Blackwell theorem, Lehmann-Scheffe theorem, Neyman-Pearson lemma.
  
STAT 464  Discrete Time Series Analysis  Units: 3.00  
Autocorrelation and autocovariance, stationarity; ARIMA models; model identification and forecasting; spectral analysis. Applications to biological, physical and economic data.
Learning Hours: 120 (36 Lecture, 84 Private Study)  
Requirements: Prerequisite STAT 361 or ECON 351 or permission of the Department.  
Offering Faculty: Faculty of Arts and Science  

Course Learning Outcomes:

  1. Deal with deterministic temporal structure in the data collected.
  2. Use time-series models to do forecasting
  3. Work with probabilistic analysis of regular time-series data.
  4. Work with time-series data collected at regular intervals over time, e.g., daily temperature.
  
STAT 466  Statistical Programming with SAS and Applications  Units: 3.00  
Introduction to the basic knowledge in programming, data management, and exploratory data analysis using SAS software: data manipulation and management; output delivery system; advanced text file generation, statistical procedures and data analysis, macro language, structure query language, and SAS applications in clinical trial, administrative financial data.
Learning Hours: 120 (36 Lecture, 84 Private Study)  
Requirements: Prerequisite (STAT 263 or STAT 269) or permission of the Department.  
Offering Faculty: Faculty of Arts and Science  
  
STAT 471  Sampling and Experimental Design  Units: 3.00  
Simple random sampling; Unequal probability sampling; Stratified sampling; Cluster sampling; Multi-stage sampling; Analysis of variance and covariance; Block designs; Fractional factorial designs; Split-plot designs; Response surface methodology; Robust parameter designs for products and process improvement. Offered jointly with STAT 871.
Learning Hours: 120 (36 Lecture, 84 Private Study)  
Requirements: Prerequisite ([STAT 361 or ECON 351] and STAT 463) or permission of the Department. Equivalency STAT 362.  
Offering Faculty: Faculty of Arts and Science  
  
STAT 473  Generalized Linear Models  Units: 3.00  
An introduction to advanced regression methods for binary, categorical, and count data. Major topics include maximum-likelihood method, binomial and Poisson regression, contingency tables, log linear models, and random effect models. The generalized linear models will be discussed both in theory and in applications to real data from a variety of sources. Given jointly with STAT 873.
Learning Hours: 120 (36 Lecture, 84 Private Study)  
Requirements: Prerequisite ([STAT 361 or ECON 351] and STAT 463) or permission of the Department.  
Offering Faculty: Faculty of Arts and Science  

Course Learning Outcomes:

  1. Compute numerical implementation of the scoring method for finding the maximum likelihood estimates in the cases of real and vector parameters.
  2. Compute numerical solution of equations and numerical maximization of expressions depending on a real parameter.
  3. Handle numerically various Poisson regression and binomial logistic regression models.
  4. Identify the best unbiased estimates for the unknown parameters of exponential families of distribution.
  
STAT 486  Survival Analysis  Units: 3.00  
Introduces the theory and application of survival analysis: survival distributions and their applications, parametric and nonparametric methods, proportional hazards models, counting process and proportional hazards regression, planning and designing clinical trials. Given jointly with STAT 886.
Learning Hours: 120 (36 Lecture, 84 Private Study)  
Requirements: Prerequisite ([STAT 361 or ECON 351] and STAT 463) or permission of the Department. Recommended STAT 462.  
Offering Faculty: Faculty of Arts and Science  

Course Learning Outcomes:

  1. Be able to analyze the real data set with R software using appropriate models.
  2. Be able to identify and classify data problems in survival analysis, define the appropriate survival function, distribution function, hazard function, and cumulative hazard function.
  3. Understand and be able to compare survival functions of two or more populations.
  4. Understand and be able to estimate survival functions using parametric, non-parametric, and semiparametric methods.
  
STAT 499  Topics in Statistics  Units: 3.00  
An important topic in statistics not covered in any other courses.
Requirements: Prerequisite Permission of the Department. Exclusion STAT 505.  
Offering Faculty: Faculty of Arts and Science  
  
STAT 506  Topics in Statistics II  Units: 3.00  
An important topic in probability or statistics not covered in any other course.
Learning Hours: 132 (24 Individual Instruction, 108 Private Study)  
Requirements: Prerequisite Permission of the Department.  
Offering Faculty: Faculty of Arts and Science